The SEA Collapse Model in the Hotel Industry

Abstract

This study proposes a Stability–Efficiency–Adaptability (SEA) perspective to identify early signals of organizational collapse in the hotel industry. Rather than conceptualizing collapse as a sudden failure, the paper frames it as a gradual process driven by imbalance between stability, efficiency, and adaptability. Using a qualitative research design, semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed through content analysis to uncover the underlying dimensions of each SEA component. The findings reveal that stability, efficiency, and adaptability each consist of four interrelated dimensions, which together provide the basis for developing theoretically grounded key performance indicators (KPIs). These KPIs are used to trace latent collapse signals that may remain invisible in conventional performance metrics. By translating qualitative insights into a structured analytical framework, the study contributes a diagnostic approach for understanding fragility and delayed collapse in hotel organizations.